1	Post-Frame Building Specifications Presented by: Doug Thomsen Thomsen Construction & Supply Co. dthomsen@thomsen-cs.com 3-10-05 #2005-2
2	Introduction Specifications and drawings should cover site development & building components from footings to building finish. Reasons for Detailed Specifications So your client knows what he/she is receiving. To receive comparable bids from contractors. For proper building construction by the contractor (along with a COMPLETE set of drawings)
3	Footings Compaction & leveling of footing sub grade after footing holes are augured. Type of concrete to use based on structural load application & current temperature. (Slump, PSI, Mixture, etc.) Size (Based on soil bearing capacity & applied building live & dead loads) Depth (embedment, below frost line?, building height) Re-rod mat reinforcement, typically used to reduce the thickness of the footing (size, grade & placement of rod & field ability to place mat at the proper location)
4	Columns Spacing (8’-9’-10’-12’ etc.) Type of Column (Solid Sawn, Nail Laminated, Glue Laminated, Nail & Glue Laminated, & Concrete Base) Size (4x6, 6x6, 3-ply 2x6, 4-ply 2x6, 3-ply 2x8, 4-ply 2x8, etc.) Species & grade of lumber (SYP, MSR, #1, #2, Select Structural, etc.) Treatment levels, (.40, .60, .80) Use Group (Ground Contact, Fresh Water, Foundation) Type of Treatments (ACQ, Copper Azole, CCA, etc.) Length of Treatments (Laminated Columns) 6’, 7’ or Full column treatment Fabrication Requirements (for “home made” columns) Type, size & spacing of fastener, etc. Uplift Anchors (Treated blocks, tie clips to footings, etc.) Column Embedment
5	Columns (cont.) Laminated Columns Design Note: Will often see listed in a spec or on a drawing: 3-ply 2x6 laminated column. What does this mean? Vendor A 3-ply 2x6 Fb=1897psi Vendor B 3-ply 2x6 Fb=2050psi Vendor C 3-ply 2x6 Fb=1898psi Source: Vendor Specification Sheets Note: Fb =Extreme Fiber Stress in Bending The fiber stress values along with other design values are used to determine the capacity of the column to support wind and building reaction loads. Comparison Note: 6x6 #2 SYP Solid Sawn column, Fb=850 psi 6x6 #2 Red Pine Solid Sawn Column, Fb=475 psi Source: NDS
6	Baseboards (Skirt boards) Size (2x6, 2x8, 2x10, etc.) Species & Grade Type (S4S-Smooth Four Sides, Tongue & Groove-Center Match) Treatment Levels (.21 .25 .40 .60) Use Group (Ground Contact, Fresh Water) Type of Treatments (ACQ, Copper Azole, etc.) Connection Requirements Type, Size, Quantity & Location Nails-Approved type stainless steel or double dipped galvanized 16d, 20d Ring Shank, Spiral Shank Pins (type of fasteners if concrete column is used)
7	Wall Girts Size (2x4, 2x6, 2x8, etc.) Spacing (16”, 24”, 36”, etc.) Species & Grade Connection Requirements Type, Size & Quantity of Fasteners Nails-Approved Stainless Steel or Double Dipped Galvanized (when anchoring into treated column) 10d, 16d, 20d, etc. Ring Shank, Spiral Shank
8	Supports (Truss Carriers) Size (2x6, 2x8, 2x10, 2x12, LVL, etc.) Species & Grade Quantity (2, 3, 4, 5, etc.) Connection Requirements of Members (Connection to Column, Connection to each other) Type, Size, Quantity, & Placement of Fasteners Approved Stainless Steel or Galvanized (when anchoring into treated column) Bolts ( Size, Hardness) Nails (10d, 16d, 20d, 40d, 60d Ring Shank, Spiral Shank)
9	Supports (Truss Carriers) cont. Design Note: Will often see listed in a spec or on a drawing 2-2x12 listed for supports (truss carriers) What does this mean? Base Design Value for 2x12 #2 Doug Fid Larch Fb=900 Base Design Value for 2x12 Select Structural Hem Fir Fb=1400 Note: Fb =Allowable Extreme Fiber Stress in Bending Source: Western Lumber Product Use Manual 5-01 The fiber stress values along with other design values are used to determine what the 2x12 will support.
10	Bearing Blocks Used for additional connection fasteners when there is not enough space in the supports (truss carriers) for the total number of fasteners. Blocks, width of column, placed below supports (truss carriers) Species and grade requirements Length requirements of bearing block Connection Requirements Quantity and type of fasteners
11	Bearing Block Example
12	Trusses Design Requirements Loading Top Chord Live Load (Snow) Top Chord Dead Load (Roofing Material, Roof Top Equipment) Bottom Chord Live Load (Attic Storage Loads, if applicable) Bottom Chord Dead Load (Ceiling material, Lights, Mechanical equipment, Ceiling insulation, etc.) Unbalanced Loads (Windward, Leeward) Step Roof Condition (if applicable) Centers (2’, 4’, 8, etc.) Pitch (4/12, 5/12, etc.)
13	Trusses (cont.) Additional Design Factors Bearing Width at Heel Ground Snow Pg Exposure Factor Ce Importance Factor I Thermal Factor Ct Slope Factor Cs Bottom & Web Chord Lateral Bracing Location & Connections (by truss fabricator) Permanent Truss Bracing (X-Bracing, Wind Bracing, Connection requirements of bracing, by building designer) Truss Connection Requirements for Uplift (truss print will shows uplift reactions) Anchored to column, direct bearing on column at bearing wall Anchored to truss supports (carriers), By using: tie down blocks, steel anchor clips, steel straps, etc. Bolts & Nails Type, size & quantity of fasteners
14	Unbalanced & Step Roof Conditions
15	Additional Truss Loads Equipment Loads Concentrated loads on top or bottom chords Location of Equipment Loads Transferring Loads Transferring the roof loads & the equipment loads: To the Truss Supports (carriers) To the Columns To the Footings To the Connections & Fasteners of each component
16	Roof Purlins (if required) Size (2x4, 2x6, 2x8, etc.) Spacing (16”,19.2”, 24”, etc.) Configuration (Flat, On edge, In hangers) Note: If hangers are required, type of hanger specified. Species & Grade Connection Requirements Type, Size & Quantity of Fasteners Nails-Ring Shank, Spiral Shank 10d, 16d, 20d, 40d, 60d, etc. Fasteners required for hangers
17	Permanent Building Bracing Wall Bracing Corner Mid-Point (depending on building length, may require additional sets of bracing) Roof Bracing End Mid-Point (depending on building length, may require additional sets of bracing) Material Pre-punched galvanized steel banding, dimensional lumber, etc. Location & connection requirements Diaphragm Design Exterior Walls & Roof Plywood Sheathing, Metal Panel Fastener Requirements
18	Door Headers Bearing Wall Headers Glue Laminated Beams Stack Dimensional Lumber LVL (Laminated Veneer Lumber) Size, Species & Grade of Material Connection & Fastener Requirements To Columns Field Fabricated stacked dimensional material Non-Bearing Wall Headers - Dimensional Lumber Size, Species & Grade of Material Connection & Fastener Requirements
19	Door Framing Overhead & Track (Slider) Doors Side jambs, back jambs Using jambs as a bearing member of door header Walk Doors Vertical Framing Column Vertical Dimensional Lumber Header Above Components, Size, Species & Grade of Material Connection & Fastener Requirements
20	Window Framing Framing Requirements Headers, Sills, Jambs Size, Species & Grade of Material Connection & Fastener Requirements Elevation of windows Transition requirements from siding to window
21	Walk Doors Manufacture or Equal Size 30/68, 60/68, etc. Type Economy, Thermo Break, Heavy Duty, Fire Rated, etc. Hardware Set Locksets, Closers, Dead Bolts, Kick Plates, Panic Bars, etc. Door Windows Half , Full, 9-lite, Narrow, etc.
22	Windows Manufacture or Equal Size 2x2, 3x3, 4x4, etc. Type Vinyl, Thermo Break, Aluminum, etc. Double Hung, Casement, Slider, etc. Screens, Grills Glazing-Safety glazing if required
23	Board Insulation Wall Board Insulation Fiberboard, Thermax, Tuff R, Foil Bubble, etc. Roof Board Insulation Fiberboard, Thermax, Tuff R, Foil Bubble, etc. Requirements to tape or seal edge joints Be aware by code some wall board insulations can not be left exposed to the interior of the building
24	Siding (Exterior Finish) Steel (Metal Panel) Manufacture Panel Profile Gauge PSI Paint System Or Equal Trims Hemmed exposed edges Soffit-Vented or Smooth, Aluminum or Steel Other Options Brick wainscot, EFIS, Wood, Vinyl Siding, & many more Connection & Fastener Requirements of Siding Components Usually Provided by Siding Manufacture Barrier between metal panel siding and treated framing components Possible examples: Ice & water shield, Vycor Plus,
25	Roofing Steel (Metal Panel) Manufacture Panel Profile Gauge PSI Paint System Or Equal Trims Hemmed exposed edges Shingles Manufacture Shingle Model, 3-in-1, dimensional Underlayment, 15# Felt, 30# Felt, Roofers Select, Ice & Water Shield Roof Decking OSB, Plywood, etc. Thickness-1/2”, 5/8”, ¾”, etc. Spacer Clips? Connection & Fastener Requirements of Roofing Components Usually Provided by Roofing Manufacturer
26	Ventilation Overspace Ventilation (attic) Ridge Vents Shingle Over Low Profile Steel or Aluminum Cupola Others Eave Vents Perforated Aluminum Perforated Aluminum Strip Others Gable Vents Quantity & Size Others Interior Air Make-Up Mechanical Ventilation Quantity & Size Intake & Exhaust
27	Equipment Doors Overhead Manufacture Size Track Size Insulated, Non-Insulated High Lift Operators/Remotes Track (slider) Size Track type (round, square) Framing side rails Bottom rails Stay guides Latches Stops Handles, etc.
28	Concrete Floor Mix Specifications Slump Thickness Air Entrained Reinforcement (welded wire, fiber mesh, etc.) Rodent walls Thresholds if Applicable (pipe for overhead & angle for slider doors) Sealers & Curing Compounds Control & expansion joints Door Aprons Sizes Thickness Thickened Edges
29	"Interior Framing & Finish" Interior Framing & Finish
30	Interior Baseboards (Skirt boards) Size (2x6, 2x8, 2x10, etc.) Species & Grade Type (S4S-Smooth Four Sides, Tongue & Groove-Center Match) Treatment levels (.21 .25 .40 .60) Use Group (Ground Contact, Fresh Water) Type of Treatments (ACQ, Copper Azole, etc.) Connection Requirements Type, Size & Quantity of Fasteners Nails-Stainless Steel, Double Dipped Galvanized 16d, 20d Ring Shank, Spiral Shank Pins (with concrete column)
31	Interior Wall Girts Size (2x4, 2x6, 2x8, etc.) Spacing (16”, 24”, 36”, etc.) Species & Grade Connection Requirements Type, Size & Quantity of Fasteners Nails-Stainless Steel, Double Dipped Galvanized (when anchoring into treated column) 10d, 16d, 20d, etc. Ring Shank, Spiral Shank
32	Fire Blocking Concealed wall spaces Vertically at ceiling & floor levels Horizontally at intervals not exceeding 10 feet 2” nominal blocking between girts at columns Example= 4’ on center columns, every other column Example= 8’ on center columns, every column Connection Requirements Type, Size & Quantity of Fasteners Nails-Stainless Steel, Double Dipped Galvanized (when anchoring into treated column) 10d, 16d, 20d, etc. Ring Shank, Spiral Shank
33	Fire Block Example
34	Insulation & Vapor Barrier Fiberglass Batts Thickness, 6”, 8”, 9.5”/ R value, etc. Roll Width, 4’, 8’, etc. Faced or Un-faced Visqueen Vapor Barrier (if required) Thickness, 6, mil, 8 mil reinforced
35	Ceiling Framing (If Required) Size (1x4, 2x4, 2x6, etc.) Spacing (16”, 24”, 36”, etc.) Species & Grade Connection Requirements Type, Size & Quantity of Fasteners Nails 10d, 16d, 20d, etc. Ring Shank, Spiral Shank
36	Attic Draftstop Required when attic space is more than 3000 sf Material-Plywood, OSB, Drywall Fastener requirements Access door from attic area to attic area, spring loaded door Different truss design may be required when adding Plywood or Drywall to the truss because of the additional dead load of the draftstop product.
37	Interior Wall Finish Drywall OSB Steel Panel FRP Panel Etc. Connection & fastener requirements of wall finish
38	Interior Ceiling Finish Drywall OSB Steel Panel FRP Panel Acoustical Grid Etc. Connection & fastener requirements of Ceiling finish Attic Access Panel
39	Attic Insulation & Vapor Barrier Stabilized Cellulose Blown Fiber Thickness/ R value Fiberglass Batts Thickness/ R value Blown Fiberglass Visqueen Vapor Barrier Thickness, 6, mil, 8 mil reinforced
40	Other Items Other Items to consider for specifications: Interior Partition Walls, framing, insulation, wall finish Interior doors, size, type (fire & finish) swings, hardware, etc. Equipment & Fixture Blocking Interior Windows, Size, type of glass, etc. Interior Furnishings, Cabinets, etc. Attic Overspace Ventilation Attic Access Door Fire Rated Assemblies for Walls & Ceilings as Required Temporary Construction Bracing
41	All Framing Members Determine size and quantity of nails based on species of lumber and reaction loads that each nail must support. Placement of fasteners as specified by Structural Engineer NOTE: Many times connections are not shown on the plan. When the Engineer or Architect is questioned, they have replied back referring to numerous standards or manuals that the contractor is to check for the connections rather than providing connection details on their drawings. A rather large percentage of Engineers & Architects do not specialize in Post Frame construction and do not take the time to research and design connections.
42	Specify the Proper Fastener for it’s Intended Use An exterior loading dock platform was removed for future building expansion. The platform was 8 years old and was built with CCA treated lumber. Below is a photo of some of the nails that were removed. The nails used were plain un-coated ring shank nails.
43	General Specifications Other Requirements Who’s Responsible? Starting Dates Site Development Completion Dates Zoning Permits Pre-qualification of Contractors Building Permits Insurance Requirements Soil Erosion Permits DEQ Storm Water Retention & Discharge Permits Egress to Building Site Bid Bonds (%), Certified Check in place of Bid Bond Temporary Heat Temporary Power Trash Dumpsters Porta Johns Erection Requirements Post-Frame Buildings shall be erected in accordance with the “BCSI-B10 Post Frame Truss Installation and Bracing” summery sheet as published by the Wood Truss Council & “Accepted Practices for Post-Frame Building Construction : Framing Tolerances” distributed by the National Frame Builders Association.
44	Some Available Documents From NFBA www.nfba.org “Spotlight On Architecture: Post-Frame Buildings” Video (available soon) Fire Test Manual 1996 Diaphragm Test Kit Post-Frame Design Manual Framing Tolerances Standard Post-Frame Construction Guide Metal Panel & Trim Installation Tolerances Standard (Not yet released, Available Soon) From ASAE www.asae.org EP484.2 Diaphragm Design of Metal-Clad, Wood-Framed Rectangular Buildings EP558 Load Test for Metal-Clad, Wood-Framed Diaphragms EP559 Design Requirements, and Bending Properties for Mechanically Laminated Post EP486.1 Shallow Post Foundation Design Paper #01-4012 Uplift Resistance of Post Foundations
45	Some Available Documents (Continued) From Wood Truss Council of America www.woodtruss.com BCSI-B1 Guide for Handling, Installing and Bracing of Metal Plate Connected Wood Trusses BCSI-B2 Truss Installation & Temporary Bracing BCSI-B3 Web Member Permanent Bracing/Web Reinforcement BCSI-B4 Construction Loading BCSI-B5 Truss Damage, Jobsite Modifications & Installation Errors BCSI-B6 Gable End Frame Bracing BCSI-B7 Temporary & Permanent Bracing for Parallel Chord Trusses BCSI-B9 Multi-Ply Girders BCSI-B10 Post Frame Truss Installation & Bracing BCSI-B11 Fall Protection & Wood Trusses 1-03 Guide to Good Practice for Handling, Installing & Bracing of Metal Plate Connected Wood Trusses Commentary for Permanent Bracing of Metal Plate Connected Wood Trusses Informational Series of Documents Titled “Truss Technology in Building”
46	Thank-You Visit: www.nfba.org www.michiganframebuilders.com www.asae.org www.woodtruss.com